Emissions Trading with Shares and Coupons when Control over Discharges is Uncertain

Robert Godby
Stuart Mestelman
R. Andrew Muller
Douglas Welland

McMaster University
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
L8S 4M4

Deptartment of Economics
McMaster University
Working Paper No. 95-09
June 1995

Abstract

Two important decisions in designing markets for tradable emissions permits are whether to allow banking and whether to allow trading in entitlements to future permits. Banking is predicted to reduce price instability when firms trade in a reconciliation market after the quantity of emissions has been determined. Tradable entitlements, "shares", are a common feature in proposals for emissions trading in Canada. We conduct a laboratory experiment under uncertainty. Cognitive demands on the subjects are reduced by computerized advice on the optimal allocation of coupons across periods and the implied marginal values of coupons and shares. Banking, share trading, and uncertainty conditions are introduced in a complete factorial design with 3 observations per cell. High efficiencies are observed across all treatments. Uncertainty in the control of emissions leads to substantial price instability when banking is not allowed. Coupon banking virtually eliminates the instability. Share trading reduces trading volumes, increases price stability, and improves efficiency, particularly when combined with banking.
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